What is a primary method for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection?

The primary method for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection is endoscopy. This procedure allows for direct visualization of the stomach and duodenum, making it possible to identify any inflammation or ulcers that may be present due to the infection. During endoscopy, small tissue samples (biopsies) can be taken for further testing, such as histology or rapid urease tests, which can definitively confirm the presence of H. pylori.

While blood tests can provide evidence of past or present infection by looking for antibodies against H. pylori, they are not as definitive as endoscopy and biopsy for current infections. Ultrasound and X-ray imaging are not utilized for diagnosing H. pylori infections, as these techniques do not provide the necessary details about the gastric mucosa or directly confirm the presence of the bacteria. Therefore, endoscopy stands out as the most direct and effective method for obtaining a diagnosis of H. pylori infection.